Sweden during World War I. European military alliances prior to the outbreak of war. The Central Powers are depicted in olive, the Triple Entente in dark green and neutral countries in beige. Sweden, following its long- standing policy of neutrality since the Napoleonic Wars, remained neutral throughout World War I between 2. July 1. 91. 4 and 1. November 1. 91. 8. Whilst King Gustaf was married to a German (a granddaughter of Kaiser Wilhelm I), the Swedish Riksmarskalk, Ludvig Douglas, was also known to be a strong proponent of an alliance with Germany. Petersburg, although this meeting ended without a binding agreement being reached. When Karl Staaff's government proposed a reduction in military spending and the cancellation of the order for the coastal battleships that were later known as the Sverige- class coastal defence ship, more than 3. Swedish farmers marched to Stockholm to protest in the Peasant armament support march. In response King Gustaf gave a speech written by the ardently pro- German explorer, Sven Hedin in the courtyard of the Royal Palace in Stockholm where he argued for higher military spending. Sweden declared neutrality in the Austro-Serbian conflict on 31 July 1914.When King Gustaf refused to tone down his rhetoric on the subject of defence spending, Karl Staaff's government resigned and was replaced by the conservative government of Hjalmar Hammarskj. The assurances given by King Gustaf and Knut Wallenberg led the German secretary of the foreign ministry, Gottlieb von Jagow, to believe that Germany would be supported by Sweden in the upcoming conflict. Talks even took place between the military and naval staffs of Sweden and Germany on cooperation, and preliminary arrangements were made for Germany to use bases and anchorages on the east cost of Sweden and on the island of Gotland. At the same time messages were sent by the Swedish foreign ministry to Russia promising that Sweden would remain neutral, although troops were sent to watch Sweden's frontier with Russian- ruled Finland. Both declarations left open the possibility that Sweden might later change her position if other countries joined the conflict. On the 2nd of August, however, Wallenberg, speaking to the British minister in Stockholm, had repeated his assertion that if Sweden were driven into the war, she would never fight on the side of Russia. On the 8th of August the two countries (Sweden and Norway) issued a joint declaration of neutrality warning that they would maintain their neutrality against all belligerents and would guarantee each other's neutrality. A further joint declaration was made by the three kings of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in December 1. Swedish army units that had been sent to the Finnish border were stood down. Douglas then conveyed this offer to King Gustaf on 8 June 1. Hammarskj. Prince Max had been instructed by Kaiser Wilhelm II and Erich von Falkenhayn, who wished to integrate Sweden into the German Mitteleuropa, to obtain an alliance with a view to a joint attack on St. See our copyright guide for information. Use these buttons to limit your searches to. Wastewater treatment is a. In 1924 the Oil Pollution Control Act prohibited discharge from any vessel within the three-mile limit. Petersburg, in return Germany was willing to offer material and military support as well as the promise of the Aland Islands (which contained a Swedish- speaking population), an adjustment of the frontier, and an independent or autonomous Finland. King Gustaf rejected this offer on 2. November 1. 91. 5 as, without a clear casus belli, he could not be sure of popular support for the war. Knut Wallenberg, without the knowledge of Hammarskj. Despite claiming that they would end the practice in late 1. Canada considered 'overseas' to be service beyond the three mile limit and hence many RCN small ships. Jamaica forts manned, regiments hurried to Kingston to-day.1 German cruiser Dresden cruising off three-mile limit. Governor has suppressed all the reports pertaining. Case opinion for US Supreme Court MAUL v. Read the Court's full decision on FindLaw. These do not extend beyond the three-mile limit. German embassy to Berlin proposing that certain Argentine ships be . Whilst Denmark had given into this pressure and mined the Danish Straits at the outbreak of the war, Sweden resisted demands that its side of the Oresund should be mined. When Royal Navy submarines entered the Baltic through the sound in October 1. Germans demanded that the Swedes carry out their promise. A German warship opened fire on a Swedish submarine HSw. MS Hvalen killing a member of the crew. According to the captain of the Hvalen, the submarine was flying the Swedish naval flag at the time and was sailing in Swedish home waters. The iron- ore export business was run by an association in which the Swedish government was a member, and production iron- ore for export was fixed at 2. The advent of war changed this. The iron- ore fields of G. At the same time, however, exports through the port slumped, with iron- ore shipments falling from fourteen trains a day to six. The Swedish ships that did continue carrying iron- ore from Narvik to Germany avoided the British blockade by hugging the Norwegian coast and remaining in Norwegian waters as much as possible. One specific request was that the Swedish reduce their iron- ore exports to Germany in return for increased supplies of food from the Allies. Food supplies had become low in Sweden due to the Allied blockade, however Hjalmar Hammarskj. Swartz served as Swedish prime minister for only seven months before being forced from power after the Swedish elections of 1. Nils Ed. Petersburg, Richard von K. Germany's support for Sweden's claim under this proposal would take the form of either occupying the islands and then handing them over to Sweden, or negotiating for their transfer to Sweden in the upcoming peace talks. With the declaration of Finnish independence on 6 December 1. Sweden's recognition of Finland without reservation on the 4th of January, the situation became even more complex. Both King Gustaf and the Swedish government reacted cautiously to these overtures, responding on 2. December with letters to Austria, Turkey, and Germany requesting only that Sweden's interest in the islands be safeguarded, and proposing neutralisation of the islands as the best solution. This situation changed, however, when, on 1. February 1. 91. 8, exaggerated reports of atrocities committed on the . A week later Germany, acting in response to a request for support from the Finnish Whites who also claimed the islands, informed the Swedes that they intended to occupy the islands and that Swedish forces were to leave immediately. This request was eventually modified into an agreement to a joint German- Swedish occupation of the islands that lasted until 2. April 1. 91. 8, when Swedish forces eventually withdrew in the face of Finnish protests. Conspectus of History. Korean Minjok Leadership Academy. The Danish Straits and German Naval Power, 1. Militargeschichtliches Forschungsampt. Thomas (December 1. Conspectus of History. The Danish Straits and German Naval Power, 1. Militargeschichtliches Forschungsampt. Conspectus of History. Scandinavia and the Great Powers 1. Conspectus of History. The Danish Straits and German Naval Power, 1. Militargeschichtliches Forschungsampt. The Danish Straits and German Naval Power, 1. Militargeschichtliches Forschungsampt. A Naval History of World War I. United States Naval Institute. Historiska institutionen Uppsala universitet. Sweden, the Nation's History. Southern Illinois University. Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: A- C. Greenwood Publishing Group. Scandinavia and the Great Powers 1.
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